==============================================================================
                       GDA-LES :    
            Copyright (C) 1999  (̳ƻ ˡ)
                          ǽ 1999.1.31
==============================================================================

[0] ط

ܥƥźդΤcivil.kb ̱ˡˤ뤢ˡΧ򰷤ä
Ǥ롣ܥɥȤˤơcivil.kb Ԥ

civil.kbѤȸƤФ򰷤äμҤƤ롣ϰ
Τ褦ʤΤǤ롣ϡ43ǯ420κǹȽ˴ŤƤ롣

  [̾]    »ǯʥ졻޹
  [ǯ] £ǯǹȽ쾮ˡȽ
  [Ƚ]   Ϻ Ϻ Ĺ Ϻ 
  []   ʿ  ʪ  ʡǷ ̾
  [] ﹵ʿ  ҹⶶŹ
  [Ƚ]     

  [ξ]
   ҡʪ˻ۿͺƣϺ
   ۸ŹҡʹⶶŹ˼ǤʸˤθѤλ¤Τ
   ʤ顢ʤ

  [Ƚξ]
   ʪʧⶶŹ˵᤿
   ⶶŹʧε̳ϤʤȽǤ줿
   ̱ˡ93ŬѤˤ롣

  [μҤȲ]

   <ΤΥʬ>
    act1 @ act_as_agent.     : 嵭԰٤ΤȤߤȤact1Ȳ
                               ̾ŤΤǤ롣act1԰٤°롣
    pm1 @ payment.           : ᤵ줿ʧι԰٤ΤȤߤȤ
                              ʼºݤˤϹԤ줤ʤǰθΤȤߤ)
                               pm1̾Ť롣pm1ʧ԰٤°롣
    npm1 @ nopayment.        : ⶶŹʧ򤷤ʤ֡Ժ٤
                               ̣ǹ԰١ˤnpm1̾դ롣ǰ
                               θΤǤ롣npm1ʧԤʤ
                               ǰ°롣
    diff1 @ difference.      : ⶶŹܿ͡ˤפʧȿ
                               㤦ΤǤ롢Ȥ֤ΤȤߤȤ
                               diff1̾Ť롣diff1ϡ׾֤°롣
    strB @ legal_person.     : ⶶŹstrBȤˡͤǤ롣
    manX @ natural_person.   : ۿͤmanXȤϼͤǤ롣
    chiY @ natural_person.   : ⶶŹξ嵭ͤchiYȤ
                               ϼͤǤ롣
    cont1 @ contract_set.    : 嵭¤ϰϤɽΤcont1Ȥ
                               ηǤϰϡʲ餫δǰŪ
                               νΰġˤθΤǤ롣
                               Τ˽Ҥ٤ϰϼΤΤȤưΤǡ
                               ٤ƤηνΤ٤ǤǤ뤳
                               ɽƤ롣
    ab @ abuse.              : 嵭ѤΤȤߤȤabȤ
                               abѾ֤°롣

   <ɽ>
    object::act1:act_as_agent(
              principal->strB:legal_person(interest->npm1:nopayment),
              imply->pm1:payment,
              range->cont1:contract_set,
              opposing_party->manX:person,
              agent->chiY:person).
      -----------------------------------------------------------------
       ܼact1ʲΤ褦ʥͥåȥʥե졼˹¤ĤȤ
       ɽƤ롣

          [act1]
            |      ܿ
            +-----------------> [strB]
            |                     |    
            |  ľܤΰտ         +------------> [npm1]
            +--------------> [pm1]
            |
            |  ϰ
            +-----------------> [cont1]
            |
            |    
            +-----------------> [manX]
            |
            | ͡ʹ԰ټԡ
            +-----------------> [chiY]

        act1ºݤ¸ߤȤ嵭ҤǼưŪղä롣
        ϡ oc(act1). ȤȤƥƥǧ롣

    difference(diff1,npm1,pm1).  : npm1pm1ۤʤäƤȤ֤¸
                                   ξ֤diff1Ǽ̤Ƥ롢Ȥ
                                   ̣
    know(manX,diff1).            : ۿͤϾ嵭ۤʤäƤdiff1
                                   ΤäƤ롢Ȥ̣
    know(manX,ab).               : ۿͤϾ嵭ѾabΤäƤ
                                   롢Ȥ̣
    exceed(ab,cont1,pm1).        : pm1ϰcont1򲿤餫ΰ̣ĶƤ
                                   롢Ȥ̣

ѤȤͤܿͤͿ줿¤εҴŪϰǡؿŪ
԰٤ԤȤǤ롣ȤСҤͤȤơ㤤ʪǤ줿Ȥ
»Ȥʤ褦ʤ虜ȹ⤤ΤäƤ뤳ȤʤɤǤ롣ξ硢㤤ʪ
ΤҴŪ˴¬¤ꡢǤ줿ȹͤ뤬ѤȤߤʤ
롣ͤȼפȤʤʤ褦ˡμΥ
ǤϸѤؤ̱ˡΰ̾ŬѤ줺԰٤ͭȤʤ롣
Τ褦ʲ᤬Ѥͳϡ٤⤽кѼα߳경ܻؤ
ΰݾڤ뤿ΤΤǤ롣⤷ͤؿ԰٤ͳˡ
԰٤̵ȤȡϾطĴ٤ʤƤϤʤ餺
α߳경˸뤳ȤͽۤǤǤ

  [Note]
  Τ褦٤ŪϻŪγĥȸƤФ롣
  ٤Ūϡ¾ˤݸΤᡢŪ佼Ȥ̤⤢뤬
  ˡξǤꡢܥɥȤˤ褦ǤȸƤ
  ˤȤ϶̤뤿ᡢǤϼ갷ʤ
  äȤ⡢ǤǤɽ˸褦Ū
  ĿͤθŪǤȤδ֤ˤϰϤˤ硢Ƥɬפ
  㤬褦˻פ롣ʤˡΧȤθդڤС෿ۤʤǽ
  롣ǤϡŪ갷äƤĤǤ롣

ɡäΤ餺ͤȼǤСҴŪ
ι԰٤Ǥ¤ꡢ̾θϤǧ롣ʤ̾ξʸ
99ˤŬѤ롣⤷ҴŪϰϳǤС̵ȸƤФ졢
԰٤̵Ǥ롣ϡ113˵ꤵƤ롣ѤϤޤǵҴŪ
ϰ԰٤ʤΤǡ̾113ŬѤʤǡ⤷̵
Ǥ뤳ȤΤ뤳ȤǤ԰٤ȿͳС
԰٤ͭȤʤ롣ɽȸƤФ 110˵ꤵƤ롣ɽ
ͭȤ뺬⡢ݾڤˤ롣ñȡʲΤ褦
ˤʤ롣

   ҴŪϰ⡢                 ---> ͭ   (99)
   ҴŪϰ() ---> ͭ   (99)
   ҴŪϰϳ       ---> ͭ   (110)
   ҴŪϰϳ       ---> ̵   (113)

    ְաפȤϡΤäƤפȤ̣ǤꡢաפȤϡΤʤ
      Ȥ̣Ǥ롣ƻŪʥ˥奢󥹤ϰڤʤΤա

   ϡ줾civil.kbǤϰʲΤ褦ɽƤ롣

   <99̾԰>
    rule::valid(E:event):-
                oc(A:act_as_agent(range->R:action_set,imply->E)),
                within(S:objective_excess,R,E).

   <110ɽ>
    rule::valid(E:event):-
               oc(A:act_as_agent(range->R:action_set,
                                 imply->E,
                                 opposing_party->Y:person)),
               exceed(S:objective_excess,R,E),
               unknown(S,Y).

   <113̵>
    rule::null(E:event):-
               oc(A:act_as_agent(range->R:contract_set,
                                 imply->E,
                                 opposing_party->Y:person)),
               exceed(S:objective_excess,R,E),
               know(Y,S).

Τ褦ˡηϤβܻΤ褦ˡѤǤ뤳ȤΤäƤ
ϤɤʤǤξ硢ľܳˡΧϤʤ̤ȤƤϡ̵
Ȥʤ뤳ȤȽ㡢٤Ƥγ⤬פƤ롣

   ҴŪϰ() ---> ̵   (ʸʤ)

ˤ褤ꡢפ򸫤ƤʤϣĤγ򰷤
Ƥ롣ʲǲ⤹롣ܥƥǤϰʲγκ㤬¤Ȥ
Ф졢椨˰¸ڤؤꡢ̤Ȥơǰؤ
ŬѤʸѲ롣


[1] 93âŬ

̱ˡ93ȤϿΣαݤȸƤФ֤ǰջɽʤ줿θ̤ꤷʸ
Ǥ롣ΣαݤȤϡդȤϰۤʤջɽˤʤǤꡢ
꤬ͭˤʤȵꤵƤ롣㤨о̤οΣαݤǤ뤬
ʤˤꤳ򿮤Ƥޤä硢ξ̤ˤջɽ
ͭȤʤäƤޤ̤ǡ֤λפ򤢤פ˸äĤ꤬
ä餿ޤܵǰջɽΤȻפäᤷ
硢ˤλפϤʤФʤʤ餫˾̤ʬ
䡢̾դʧäƤС̤ʬϡ̵Ǥ롣
ܿΤäƤ̵ǤȵꤷƤΤ93âǤ롣

   ξʸcivil.kbǤϰʲΤ褦ɽƤ롣

   <93â񡧿ΣαݤˤĤ>
    rule::null(E:event):-
               oc(A:declaration_of_intention(real_intention->X:event,
                                             imply->E,
                                             opposing_party->Y:person)),
               know(Y,D:difference),
               difference(D,X,E).

ξʸꤵ줿տޤϡդȰջɽȤο㤤äȤդ
ݸ뤳ȤŪǤꡢդݸɬפϤʤ⤷ݸжˤ
Ըʾǧ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤɻߤΤä93âǤ롣
Ѥξ硢դǤȤܿͤΰտޤͤΰջɽǤ
԰٤Ȥδ֤ο㤤äȤˤСդϼ
경ΤݸʤФʤʤդݸɬפϤʤȹͤ롣
餫顢ΣαݤѤξι¤ƱФǤ
ȡ줾ʲΤ褦˿޼Ǥ롣

   <Σαݤξ>

       [ջɽ]
          |
          |     
          +----------------> []
          |                      
          |                   [] <------+
          | (ɽŪ)տ                    |
          +----------------> []         | ΤäƤ
          |                                   |
          |            ǧԸ   |
          |                               |
          +----------------> [] ----------+



   <Ѥξ>
                           ܿͤפȹͤ
       [԰]      /
          |               /
          |      <---+
          +----------------> []
          |                      
          |                   [] <------+
          | (ɽŪ)տ                    |
          +----------------> []         | ΤäƤ
          |                                   |
          |            ǧԸ   |
          |                               |
          +----------------> [] ----------+


GDA˴Ť桹ΥץǤϡ¤Ʊ򸫤ĤФΣαݤΰ
ɽѤ԰٤Ȥߤʤ93âŬѤơ
Τ԰٤˴Ť̵ȤƤ롣б93Ŭ
ȸƤФǤ롣γϳȤ졢ºݡ翳λ夫Ƚ
ưӤƻٻƤ롣嵭ǹȽΤä93âŬѤ
ꤽ̵ǤꡢܿͤؤλʧѤ줿


[2] ̵

Ѥ˴ؤ롢̵϶ǯͭϤȤʤäƤǤ롣
Ѥ̵ǤȲᤷơ̱ˡ113ŬѤ԰٤˴Ť̵
ǤȷդǤ롣ξ硢̱̾ˡʸˤϡŬѡפȤ
դѤƤʤ桹ΥץˤȤߤª뤳Ȥǽ
ʤΤǡܸǤȤդѤ롣̵ȤϵҴŪ˻
줿¤Τ԰٤ϰϤĶ԰٤ΤȤǤꡢ113˵
Ƥ̵Ǥ롣ߤ̵̻꤬Τ뤳ȤǤ
äˤϡ٤Ūμα߳경顢ݸ졢
ͭ԰٤Ȥʤ롣ɽȸƤФ졢110Ƥ롣

Ѥ̵̾ͤƤʤͳϡѤϡֵҴŪפˤ
ϰι԰٤Ǥꡢ̵׷ʤȹͤ뤫Ǥ롣ܿͤ
¦ˡפ֤ȤǤ줿ͤϡ褯褯Ĵ٤ͤ
ĿŪʹߤǼ򤷤ƤȤƤ⡢뤤ϡҤȤΤ褦»뤫
ΤʤƤߤȤǤ⡢ͤȼϤ
褦ʤȤ̾ΤͳʤΤǡҴŪˡǤ줿͡פȤ
ȤʬСι԰٤Ǥʾ塢ϰι԰٤ȹͤΤ
٤μ߳경μݤǤ롣ʤŪʴط̵
뤤ΩΩĤȹͤ뤬Ω٤θ¤ϰϤȤƸ
뤳Ȥ¬Ǥ롣äơѹ԰٤ϰι԰٤ȹͤΤǤ롣
ϰϤϡΩΩĤʤСֵҴŪϰϤǤꡢ줬ʤΤǤС
ˤΰ¸ΩȿСˤ٤ǡϰˤʤǤʤ
ι԰٤ͤؿŪʰտޤΤäƤ硢ֵҴŪפǤ뤳Ȥ
뤽⤽󤬼롣⤷Ըʻ֤Ȥʤ뤳ȤȤʤ

ʾΤ褦ʵƧޤ̵̾ѤˤĤդξ
¤򼨤

   <̵ξ>

       [԰]
          |
          |     ϰ
          +----------------> []
          |                      
          |                       [ҴŪ] <----+
          | (ɽŪ)տ                              |
          +----------------> []                   |
          |                                             | ΤäƤ
          |            ǧԸ             |
          |                                         |
          +----------------> [] --------------------+


   <Ѥξ>

       [԰]
          |
          |     ϰ
          +----------------> []
          |                      
          |                       [ۡѡ] <--+
          | (ɽŪ)տ                              |
          +----------------> []                   |
          |                                             | ΤäƤ
          |            ǧԸ             |
          |                                         |
          +----------------> [] --------------------+


äơ桹ΥץǤϡ¤ƱʬƱˤäơѡפ
ֵҴŪۡפȤǰȤߤʤŬѻߤ뤿ᡢ̵
Ѥ԰٤ƤϤƤ԰٤̵Ƴ


[3] ¸ˡ

ܥƥźդcivil.kbˤ¸ˡʲ˼ˡξܺ
ϥޥ˥奢򻲾ȤΤȡȤơsrcǥ쥯ȥʥƥΩ
쥯ȥˤ civil.kb 򤢤餫ᥳԡƤȡ

 1)  ƥ൯ư塢FILEΥȥʬ civil.kb 򥿥פơ[SET]
     ܥ򲡤μ١ꤵ롣
 2)  [hierarchy]ܥ򲡤ơǰؤΤ롣顢[Dissmiss]
     򲡤
 3)  GOALȥʬ null(X) ȥפƱ[Enter]ܥ򲡤
     ȡANSWERɽʬNo֤롣ϤɤˡΧȤäƤ
     Ūˤϡpm1̵뤳ȤϤǤʤȤ򼨤
 4)  GOALȥα[GDA]ܥ򲡤νԤ
 5)  ޤŬоݤȹͤʸ롼򸫤Ĥơƥब䤤
     ƤΤ򸫤ơ93âǤС[YES]򲡤¾Ӥ
     ϡ[NO]򲡤Ӥ롼뤬Ϥ줿顢[YES]򲡤䤬ʤ
     GDAϼԤΤա
 6)  ˥롼Ū¤եåǼΤǡǤ褱
     [YES]򲡤
 7)  GDA׻ϤޤꡢФ餯Ʋ򤬽Ϥ롣
     [from Case][from Rule][Abstract]γƥܥ򲡤¤
     Ƥߤơ롼׷狼¤㤫¤ʬ¤Ȥƾ
     ¦˴ޤǤ뤳ȤΤᡢʬݹ¤ȴФƤ뤳Ȥ
     ˳Τ롣ڤΥɥ[Dismiss]Ǿä
 8)  ᥤ󡦥ɥModeΥåDeductionAnalogyڤؤ롣
 9)  [hierarchy]ܥ򲡤ȡȳؤ $abs$1 ȤۥȤղä
     Ƥ뤳Ȥʬ롣[Dissmiss]򲡤ƾä
 10) ǡƤGOALȥα[Enter]ܥ򲡤ȡ٤ϡ
      null(pm1) ֤롣ϡʧ̵Ǥ뤳Ȥ򼨤Τ
     롣
 11) ΤȤProof Trees[Analogy]ܥ򲡤ȡɤΤ褦ˤ
      null(pm1) Ƴ줿Ȥڤɽ롣ΤȤȥåץ
     αֹ֥륯åƳФ˻Ѥ줿ʤξʸ
     ˤɽ롣ǡ$abs$1ȤۥȤ˸γǰ֤
     Ƥ뤳Ȥǧ롣[Dismiss]򲡤ä˾
     [Dismiss]Ǿä

ʤ̤ξʸ롼򤷤¸ʤСƤӡModeΥå
DeductionڤؤGDA¹Ԥ롣ʤʸϤĤƱ֤ǸФȤ
¤ʤΤǡɤ򸫤ƼʬŬѤʸɤΤ뤳ȡ


[4] ñʳ⸡Ƥ

GDAŪȯۤʤ顢ƳӡʬϤߤƤߤ褦ºݤˤϺҲ
Τ¾ˤ⡢ɽ⤬ͭ̾Ǥ롣

ϡפѤͭȤ뤳Ȥ򤽤λ¤ΤäƤԤĥ
ΤϤ켫ΤѤǤ롢ȤΤǤ롣ξ硢Ū˹
ΤϡָѤפȤ̱ˡΰ̾εŬѤ뤳Ȥˤʤ
ѤθѤǤꡢ̾ŬѤȡʼ¤Ǥ
̾ϽƤˡʬˤޤŪŬѤƤޤ̷⤹̤
ƳФƤޤȤˤʤ롣ΩΩʤФ⹽ʤĤγ
ǤΤ褦ʷ̤򾷤Τ꤬롣ºݤˤϺȽ˰¸ơŬ
ڤʬˡǤꡢ⤦٤ȽǤȤˤ⹽Ǥʤ
нʬȤϸʤǤGDAѤ硢̾Ѥ
ȤۤȤɤΤΤƤȤߤʤƤޤԽʬϪ褹
̤ˤʤ롣

ɽϡ֤⤽Ѥϰϳι԰٤ȸơդ
ѤͭȤ뤿ˤϡɽ110ŬѤ­סȹͤǤ롣ξ硢Ѥադ˰ͤ餺ʤϰϳι԰٤ʤΤȤ
ɬפǤ롣ˤĤƾܤʤȡ桹Υץ
ФǽǤꡢϤʤͳΤʤĥȤȤˤʤ롣󡢹
Ūͳʷ̤ˤȤʤ뤿β餫ͳդȤ̣ܷǤ
Ƥγ⤬̤Ȥ̵ĥƤ롣ˤϤ뤬¾εǤ
٤Ƥ롣⤽ݤɤˤΤʤΤʤ
ŪʳȤƤϻٻǤʤǤ˴ؤƤϡɽ
԰٤طȤ̵ͭε԰٤ܼθľ
ƹۤߤԤƤ롣ξ硢԰٤طȤϤä̵Ȥ
ΤǤϤʤϤꤢδطꡢطѤ¸ߤС԰
ƶƲᤵ٤ǤȤΤǤ롣Τ褦Ūʵ
μ򵭽ҤƤС桹ΥץǤŪˤʷƳ
ΤͽۤǤ롣ϵҴŪϰϳѤɽݸ
Ȥʤ礭ѹʬŪʱƶФ䤹Ĵ񤷤ʤ뤫Τ
ŪˤϻٻˡΧȤΥ󥻥󥵥ΤǤ뤫
ɮԤˤʬʤäơܥƥȤźդǤʤä
帡ƤʬϤ³Ƥ桹μ١˼ߤȹͤƤ롣

ѤĤγϡǸСֿդȳѤκˤĤ
ռԤݸʤפȤΤȡˤĤդξϰϳפȤ
ΤǤ롣ԤϿΣαݤȤߤʤˤͤܿͤȤδطˤơܿͤ
줷ưȤߤʤȤȻפ򤵤ɬפȤȻפ롣Τ
ܿͤͤΰΰտޤȿ뤳Ȥˤʤ꤫ͤʤ
顢Ƥΰκȸȡ٤ϡưκꡢɽ
ꡢ뤤ϡ̤˳ˡѤȤζ̤դʤʤ
μ١ȽƤȡ93ŬǤϲʰ̲ˤ
Ф붲줬롣ޤԤϰϳݤϡ¤ϡϰϡפ
դΰտޤͻȡ԰(ܿͤͤˡΧ԰)ˤ
ջɽͤɤ᤹뤫ˤäƤ롣Ϥΰջɽ
ͤɤᤷƤ뤫ȤѤΤ뤳ȤǤϤʤΰջɽ
̤ΤɤǤ뤫ȤȤǤ롣βϰϤºݤˤ
԰٤ϰϤǤߤȡ̵Τ褦ϰϤ뤫ݤȤ
Ǹ뤳ȤǽǤ̤ˡȤơŪʰջɽ
ɤäƲǤ뤫ȤǳŸ뤳ȤǤϤǤ롣[
Ļ94]ǤϡΤ褦ʴʬϤԤäƤ褦Ǥ롣ʸǤϡ԰
ȤƤΰջɽФƤοդȿ뤳ȤΤäƤʤ԰٤ϡ§
ȿǤꡢѤʤ̵Ǥ롢ȤƤ롣ʤȡΣα
ݤ˴ŤѤȤʤषͤΰջɽաͤˤ
ߤи̰ջפǤʤưˤȰۤʤ硢դϤΤäƤΤ顢
ưκȤ95ŬѤ뤫뤤ϡ93ŬѤǤͳդˡ˷
ŪʺϤʤʤꡢ̾˰ͤʤʬͥƤ褦˻פ
[Ļ94][ʡ78]Τ褦ˡ̵л뤷ʤǤޤǤŪŪ
ѤªƤȤץ˽פǤꡢΤ褦
ʥߥåʵˤƤͳդζƻŪƤơŪǤ
СGDAˤ륢ץǤ⽽ʬեǽǤ뤷ˡΧ꤬ʣƤ
ǤϥʥߥåʹȤʤΤ񤤤ΤǤϤʤΤ褦ʻ֤
뤿ˤGDA˴ŤץͭĴƤ

[ʸ]

 ˡΧطλʸΤߵ󤲤롣

칧 "ͤθѤι԰٤̱ˡ彽(Applicability of Art.93 of Civil
Code to Abuse of Power of an Agent)" (1968) ˡػ (KOBE LAW JOURNAL),
18-1: 149--157.

ⶶͺ θ  205--246 ͭ.

⿹ȬϺ "" (1977) ˡإߥʡ, 267: 98.

⿹ȬϺ ָ̱ˡֵ ̱ˡ§ Ĵ (1985) 206 ˡΧʸ

Ļȥ "ɽ--ͤθѤɽ"  (1994) ̱ˡ 譵
§, 192--204.

;§ͺ ̱ˡʣ §ʣ (1967) 20 ͭ.

;§ͺ "ͤθ"  ꥹ ̱ˡȽ 軰, 29--32.

ʡ鼣 "Ѥ˴ؤʰˡ" (1978) ˡ,
22-2,22-3.

ʡ鼣 "ͤθѹ԰"  ̺ꥹ ̱ˡȽɴ 2, 76--77.

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