Appendix 4
Total federal R and D by source of funds

Performing Sector: Total U.S. Federal Govt. Industry Industry FFRDCs Universities & Colleges U&C FFRDCs Other Nonprofit institutions Nonprofit FFRDCs
Funding Sector: Total U.S. Federal Govt. Total Federal Govt.2 Industry3 Federal Govt.2 Total Federal Govt. Nonfed. Govt. Industry U&C Non-Profits Federal Govt.4 Total Federal Govt.2 Industry Non-Profits Federal Govt.2
Data Column 　[1]　 　[2]　 　[3]　 　[4]　 　[5]　 　[6]　 　[7]　 　[8]　 　[9]　 　[10]　 　[11]　 　[12]　 　[13]　 　[14]　 　[15]　 　[16]　 　[17]　 　[18]　
Calendar Year5 　 　

　
 　 Millions of current dollars 　

　
 　
1990 151,655 15,671 107,404 25,802 81,602 2,323 16,610 9,785 1,361 1,147 3,096 1,220 4,894 4,117 2,346 625 1,147 636
19916 160,521 15,249 114,675 24,095 90,580 2,277 17,892 10,447 1,478 1,224 3,412 1,333 5,120 4,611 2,679 680 1,252 696
1992 164,932 15,853 116,757 22,369 94,388 2,353 19,099 11,306 1,508 1,300 3,558 1,428 5,259 4,864 2,806 716 1,342 748
1993 165,188 16,532 115,435 20,844 94,591 1,965 20,221 12,129 1,561 1,376 3,646 1,510 5,289 4,997 2,841 737 1,419 749
1994 168,554 16,440 117,392 20,261 97,131 2,202 21,305 12,826 1,588 1,437 3,867 1,585 5,305 5,152 2,899 764 1,489 759
1995 183,013 17,231 129,830 21,178 108,652 2,273 22,303 13,434 1,670 1,516 4,069 1,613 5,405 5,167 2,822 830 1,516 804
1996 prelim. 193,206 16,774 139,579 20,931 118,648 2,273 23,134 13,855 1,736 1,613 4,255 1,676 5,405 5,340 2,871 895 1,575 702
1997 prelim. 205,742 16,450 151,418 20,787 130,631 2,273 24,031 14,285 1,821 1,710 4,457 1,759 5,405 5,520 2,900 967 1,653 644
　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　
Data Column [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36]
Calendar Year5 　 　

　
 　

Millions of constant 1992 dollars
 　

　
 　
1990 161,957 16,736 114,700 27,555 87,145 2,481 17,738 10,450 1,454 1,225 3,307 1,303 5,226 4,397 2,505 667 1,224 679
19916 164,940 15,669 117,832 24,758 93,073 2,340 18,385 10,734 1,518 1,257 3,506 1,369 5,261 4,738 2,753 699 1,287 715
1992 164,932 15,853 116,757 22,369 94,388 2,353 19,099 11,306 1,508 1,300 3,558 1,428 5,259 4,864 2,806 716 1,342 748
1993 160,977 16,111 112,492 20,313 92,180 1,915 19,705 11,820 1,521 1,340 3,553 1,471 5,154 4,870 2,769 718 1,382 730
1994 160,592 15,663 111,847 19,304 92,543 2,098 20,298 12,220 1,513 1,369 3,685 1,510 5,054 4,909 2,762 728 1,419 724
1995 170,142 16,019 120,699 19,689 101,011 2,113 20,734 12,489 1,553 1,410 3,783 1,500 5,025 4,804 2,623 772 1,409 747
1996 prelim. 175,610 15,246 126,867 19,025 107,842 2,066 21,027 12,593 1,578 1,466 3,867 1,523 4,913 4,854 2,609 813 1,431 638
1997 prelim. 182,217 14,569 134,105 18,410 115,695 2,013 21,283 12,652 1,612 1,515 3,947 1,557 4,787 4,889 2,569 856 1,464 571

1The next updates of these data, covering the years 1953-98, along with technical notes explaining methodological issues of measurement, will be provided in NSF, National Patterns of R&D Resources: 1998 (forthcoming).

2 For 1953-54, expenditures of industry FFRDCs were not separated out from total Federal support to the industrial sector. Thus, the figure for Federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those two years. The same is true for expenditures of nonprofit FFRDCs, which is included in Federal support for nonprofit institutions in 1953-54.

3 Industry sources of industry R&D expenditures include all non-Federal sources of industry R&D expenditures.

4 Includes all R&D expenditures of FFRDCs administered by academic institutions. In 1994, 99 percent of total funds used were from Federal sources.

5 Expenditure levels for academic and Federal government performers are also in reference to calendar years, which represents a change from previous reporting in National Patterns of R&D Resources. These levels are< approximations based on fiscal-year data. For academic expenditures, and Federal government expenditures starting in 1977, the calendar-year approximation is equal to 75 percent of the amount reported in the same fiscal year plus 25 percent of the amount reported in the subsequent fiscal year. For Federal government expenditures prior to 1977, the respective percentages are 50 and 50, since earlier fiscal years began on July 1 instead of October 1.

6 Due to revisions in survey methodology and sampling of industrial R&D, data for 1991 and subsequent years may not be comparable to data for previous years. (See National Patterns of R&D Resources: 1996 or National Patterns of R&D Resources: 1998, forthcoming.)

Key: FFRDCs=Federally Funded Research and Development Centers; U&C=universities and colleges

NOTES: Data are based on annual reports by performers except for the nonprofit sector; R&D expenditures by nonprofit sector performers have been estimated since 1973 on the basis of a survey conducted in that year. Data are preliminary for 1996 and 1997.

SOURCES: National Science Foundation/SRS. Data were derived from NSF/SRS, Research and Development in Industry 1995; NSF/SRS, Academic Science/Engineering: R&D Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1995; NSF/SRS, Federal Funds for Research and Development; Fiscal Years 1995, 1996, and 1997; industry data available in Standard and Poors Compustat; and an independent survey conducted by the Industrial Research Institute.