Appendix 3
Total federal R and D by performer

Funding Sector: Total U.S. Federal Government Industry U&Cs Nonprofits Nonfed. Govt.5
Performing Sector Total U.S. Total Federal Govt. Industry2 Industry FFRDCs2 U&Cs U&C FFRDCs3 Non-profits2 Nonprofit FFRDCs2 Total Industry4 U&Cs Non-profits U&Cs Total Non-Profits U&Cs U&Cs
Data Column 　[1]　 　[37]　 　[2]　 　[4]　 　[6]　 　[8]　 　[13]　 　[15]　 　[18]　 　[38]　 　[5]　 　[10]　 　[16]　 　[11]　 　[39]　 　[17]　 　[12]　 　[9]　
Calendar Year6 　

Millions of current dollars
 　 　 　
1990 151,655 61,456 15,671 25,802 2,323 9,785 4,894 2,346 636 83,374 81,602 1,147 625 3,096 2,367 1,147 1,220 1,361
19917 160,521 60,563 15,249 24,095 2,277 10,447 5,120 2,679 696 92,484 90,580 1,224 680 3,412 2,585 1,252 1,333 1,478
1992 164,932 60,693 15,853 22,369 2,353 11,306 5,259 2,806 748 96,404 94,388 1,300 716 3,558 2,770 1,342 1,428 1,508
1993 165,188 60,350 16,532 20,844 1,965 12,129 5,289 2,841 749 96,704 94,591 1,376 737 3,646 2,928 1,419 1,510 1,561
1994 168,554 60,692 16,440 20,261 2,202 12,826 5,305 2,899 759 99,332 97,131 1,437 764 3,867 3,074 1,489 1,585 1,588
1995 183,013 63,147 17,231 21,178 2,273 13,434 5,405 2,822 804 110,998 108,652 1,516 830 4,069 3,129 1,516 1,613 1,670
1996 prelim. 193,206 62,810 16,774 20,931 2,273 13,855 5,405 2,871 702 121,156 118,648 1,613 895 4,255 3,250 1,575 1,676 1,736
1997 prelim. 205,742 62,745 16,450 20,787 2,273 14,285 5,405 2,900 644 133,308 130,631 1,710 967 4,457 3,411 1,653 1,759 1,821
　 　 　 　 　 　 　
Data Column [19] [40] [20] [22] [24] [26] [31] [33] [36] [41] [23] [28] [34] [29] [42] [35] [30] [27]
Calendar Year6 　

Millions of constant 1992 dollars
 　 　 　
1990 161,957 65,631 16,736 27,555 2,481 10,450 5,226 2,505 679 89,038 87,145 1,225 667 3,307 2,527 1,224 1,303 1,454
19917 164,940 62,230 15,669 24,758 2,340 10,734 5,261 2,753 715 95,030 93,073 1,257 699 3,506 2,656 1,287 1,369 1,518
1992 164,932 60,693 15,853 22,369 2,353 11,306 5,259 2,806 748 96,404 94,388 1,300 716 3,558 2,770 1,342 1,428 1,508
1993 160,977 58,811 16,111 20,313 1,915 11,820 5,154 2,769 730 94,238 92,180 1,340 718 3,553 2,853 1,382 1,471 1,521
1994 160,592 57,825 15,663 19,304 2,098 12,220 5,054 2,762 724 94,640 92,543 1,369 728 3,685 2,929 1,419 1,510 1,513
1995 170,142 58,706 16,019 19,689 2,113 12,489 5,025 2,623 747 103,192 101,011 1,410 772 3,783 2,909 1,409 1,500 1,553
1996 prelim. 175,610 57,090 15,246 19,025 2,066 12,593 4,913 2,609 638 110,121 107,842 1,466 813 3,867 2,954 1,431 1,523 1,578
1997 prelim. 182,217 55,571 14,569 18,410 2,013 12,652 4,787 2,569 571 118,066 115,695 1,515 856 3,947 3,021 1,464 1,557 1,612

1The next updates of these data, covering the years 1953-98, along with technical notes explaining methodological issues of measurement, will be provided in NSF, National Patterns of R&D Resources: 1998 (forthcoming).

2For 1953-54, expenditures of industry FFRDCs were not separated out from total Federal support to the industrial sector. Thus, the figure for Federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those two years. The same is true for expenditures of nonprofit FFRDCs, which is included in Federal support for nonprofit institutions in 1953-54.

3Includes all R&D expenditures of FFRDCs administered by academic institutions. In 1994, 99 percent of total funds used were from Federal sources.

4Industry sources of industry R&D expenditures include all non-Federal sources of industry R&D expenditures.

5Because of limitations in the survey information, data on nonfederal government funding to other performers are not available, and are consequently included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance. For example, nonfederal government support to nonprofits is included in nonprofits' support for their own R&D (data column[17] ).

6Expenditure levels for academic and Federal government performers are also in reference to calendar years, which represents a change from previous reporting in National Patterns of R&D Resources. These levels areapproximations based on fiscal-year data. For academic expenditures, and Federal government expenditures starting in 1977, the calendar-year approximation is equal to 75 percent of the amount reported in the same fiscal year plus 25 percent of the amount reported in the subsequent fiscal year. For Federal government expenditures prior to 1977, the respective percentages are 50 and 50, since earlier fiscal years began on July 1 instead of October 1.

7Due to revisions in survey methodology and sampling of industrial R&D, data for 1991 and subsequent years may not be comparable to data for previous years. (See National Patterns of R&D Resources: 1996 or National Patterns of R&D Resources: 1998, forthcoming.)

Key: FFRDCs=Federally Funded Research and Development Centers; U&C=universities and colleges

NOTES: Data are based on annual reports by performers except for the nonprofit sector; R&D expenditures by nonprofit sector performers have been estimated since 1973 on the basis of a survey conducted in that year. Data are preliminary for 1996 and 1997.

SOURCES: National Science Foundation/SRS. Data were derived from NSF/SRS, Research and Development in Industry 1995; NSF/SRS, Academic Science/Engineering: R&D Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1995; NSF/SRS, Federal Funds for Research and Development; Fiscal Years 1995, 1996, and 1997; industry data available in Standard and Poors Compustat; and an independent survey conducted by the Industrial Research Institute.